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To request additional printed output to the main output file.
Refer to Notes below for further information on this feature.
A block of lines to request additional printed output. All lines are optional, and may occur in any order. The first line shown below contains the start time, the time increment and end time at which subsequent data requests are to be output. The remaining lines allow you to request the output of various parameters.
[START=Start Time, INCREMENT=Time Increment, END=End Time]
[OUTPUT=AERODYNAMIC FORCES] [, BLADE=Blade Number] [, DOF=DOF Number]
[OUTPUT=CENTRIFUGAL FORCES] [, SET=Set Name]
[OUTPUT=CONVECTED ELEMENT AXES] [, SET=Set Name]
[OUTPUT=DETAILED ELEMENT OUTPUT][, SET=Set Name]
[OUTPUT=FREQUENCY DOMAIN SOLUTION]
[OUTPUT=PLASTIC HARDENING INTEGRATION]
[OUTPUT=SLUG FLOW][, SET=Set Name]
[OUTPUT=WATER PARTICLE HYDRODYNAMICS][, SET=Set Name]
Naturally the FREQUENCY DOMAIN SOLUTION option is only relevant for frequency domain dynamic analysis. The other output types are only relevant for time domain analysis.
Even in the case of time domain analyses, the start and end time inputs are not always relevant (e.g. in the case of wave discretisation data). Start Time defaults to the analysis start time. Time Increment defaults to the analysis time step (or suggested time step, in the case of Variable Time Stepping). End Time defaults to the analysis end time.
Input: |
Description |
Time of First Recording: |
The time of first output. This defaults to the simulation start time. |
Recording Interval: |
The time interval in seconds between outputs. This defaults to the analysis time step (or suggested time step, in the case of Variable Time Stepping) |
Time of Last Recording: |
The time of last output. This defaults to the simulation end time. |
Input: |
Description |
Parameter: |
The parameter for which the additional output is required. |
Element Set: |
The element set (if applicable) for which the printed output is required. This defaults to All, to indicate all elements. |
Blade No: |
Blade number can be 1, 2 or 3, referring to one of the blades noted in the *TURBINE ROTOR keyword. |
DOF: |
The global degree of freedom in which aerodynamic forces are requested. |
(a)Aerodynamic Forces. This option presents the aerodynamic forces acting on a particular blade as a function of time. Forces are provided at each blade node in the requested degree of freedom. Refer to Computational Methodology for further information on the wind loads coming from OpenFAST.
(b)Auxiliary Data. This option presents information relating to auxiliary nodes, elements and panels. Refer to Auxiliary Bodies for further details.
(c)Axial Strain Energy. The total axial strain energy for an element set is computed as follows:
where N is the total number of elements, L is element length, EA is axial stiffness, TS, TM and TE are the effective tensions at the start, midpoint and end of each element, respectively.
(d)Centrifugal Forces. This option presents the following information at each timestep. Refer to Centrifugal Force for further details.
•Node number
•Centrifugal force component in the x-direction
•Centrifugal force component in the y-direction
•Centrifugal force component in the z-direction
•Total centrifugal force
(e)Convected Element Axes. Flexcom uses a convected coordinate axes technique for modelling finite rotations in three dimensions. Each element of the finite element discretisation has a convected axis system associated with it, which moves with the element as it displaces in space. Refer to Finite Element Formulation for further details. The Convected Element Axes option presents the local convected axes for each element as a function of time.
(f)Criteria. It is possible to specify certain solution criteria that need to be satisfied in a static analysis, and to define how the model is to be adjusted to satisfy the desired criteria. Refer to Solution Criteria Automation for further details. In such circumstances, it can be useful to request information about the model adjustments performed by the software, and the effect on the solution criteria of interest. The Criteria option presents the following information at each solution step.
•Solution iteration number
•Value of relevant criteria, at the current solution iteration
•Incremental model adjustment, at the current solution iteration
•Absolute model adjustment, at the current solution iteration
•Final value of relevant criteria, compared with target values
(g)Detailed Element Output. This option provides additional output beyond that provided by the standard post-processing methods. Specifically, it provides information regarding both bending moment and curvature at every integration point within each element of interest (standard post-processing provides information at element start, mid and end points only).
(h)Frequency Domain Solution. For frequency domain analyses, this option allows you to request a text based summary of the frequency domain solution. Refer to Frequency Domain Analysis for further details. For every element, the following parameters are presented in terms of mean, amplitude and phase of the dynamic response.
•Motions in DOFs 1-6
•Axial Force and Effective Tension
•Local Y and Local Z Shear Force
•Local Y, Local Z and Total Bending Moment
•Torque
(i)Guide Contact Nodes. For models which contain guide surfaces, you may wish to check which nodes are in contact over the course of a simulation. The option facilitates a detailed inspection of the contact points during the simulation, and provides greater transparency regarding the internal workings of the software. The following information is presented at each timestep.
•Guide number
•Guide name
•Guide type (flat, cylindrical or zero-gap)
•Node number
•Reaction forces in the local axis system
(j)OPENFAST Coupling. This option presents further information regarding the software coupling between the Flexcom strucutural model and the OPENFAST aerodynamic model. You may inspect the direction cosine matrices (DCMs) which Flexcom passes to AeroDyn at each timestep. Although of specialised interest, it provides greater transparency regarding the internal workings of the software.
•Tower Orientation (Base)
•Tower Orientation (Top)
•Hub Orientation
•Blade Orientation (Root)
•Blade Orientation (Inner Edge)
•Blade Orientation (Tip)
(k)Plastic Hardening Integration. This option is relevant for element sets which are associated a nonlinear plastic hardening model and only for Static, Quasi-static and Dynamic analyses. For plastic materials, the bending moment capacity may be updated by re-integrating the stress-strain curve over the elemental cross-section following significant changes in the axial forces. Refer to Linear Elastic with Plastic Hardening for further details. The Plastic Hardening Integration option here presents the updated axial force-strain and moment-curvature curves.
(l)PIP Connections. For models which contain Pipe-in-Pipe Connections, it is sometimes useful to monitor these connections over time. For example, sliding connections are interchangeable, and are useful for modelling scenarios where there is significant relative axial motion between inner and outer pipes. This option facilitates a detailed inspection of the connected nodes at any point during the simulation, and provides greater transparency regarding the internal workings of the software. The following information is presented at each timestep.
•Connection number
•Connection type (standard or sliding)
•Primary node
•Secondary node
•Status (active or inactive - refers to sliding connections only)
(m)Reynolds COF Output. For analyses where you specify that hydrodynamic coefficients are to be computed as a function of instantaneous Re, this option allows you to create .COF files. This file contains a table showing the drag and inertia coefficients actually used by the program in calculating hydrodynamic forces at each integration point on each element. Refer to Reynolds Number Dependent Coefficients for further details.
(n)Slug Flow. This option provides detailed output regarding the distribution of slugs at each timestep. Refer to Slug Flow for further details.
•Element number
•Slot number (centred around integration points)
•Percentage filled with slug
•Slug velocity
•Slug density
•Slot length
(o)Water Particle Hydrodynamics. This option provides detailed output regarding the spatial and temporal distributions of water particle velocity and acceleration. Specifically, the following information is presented at all solution times of interest…
•Element number
•Slot number (centred around integration points)
•Global XYZ position
•Water particle velocity and acceleration in global X direction
•Water particle velocity and acceleration in global Y direction
•Water particle velocity and acceleration in global Z direction
Refer to Water Particle Velocities and Accelerations for further information on how these terms are defined for any point in the wave field.
(p)Wave Discretisation. This option presents information such as amplitude, period, direction and phase for each of the component harmonics in wave spectrum discretisation. Refer to Spectrum Discretisation for further details.