(1)
where:
• ,
and
are the stiffness proportional damping coefficients for the axial, bending and torsional modes, respectively. It is possible to specify different coefficients for bending about the element local-y and local-z axes.
•μ is the mass proportional damping coefficient
•the superscripts Axial, Bending and Torsion as applied to the stiffness matrix terms indicate that these terms represent sub-matrices of the overall stiffness matrix comprising only axial, bending and torsion terms, respectively
Note that deformation mode damping is not available for frequency domain analysis.
•*DAMPING is used to incorporate damping into a dynamic analysis.